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brook2jack wrote: »Nicotine suppresses the immune system in then mouth and decreases the blood supply so is directly involved in gum disease. It is also implicated in oral cancer . So it is important for oral health that e cig users gradually get rid of the nicotine in their juices.
As the inhalation of any material , particularly heated , also is implicated in many oral diseases e cigs should be seen as a stepping stone with a view to eventually doing without. Whilst they are better than cigarettes they are by no means a healthy choice but are best regarded as an aid to totally stopping smoking.
Can you provide supporting evidence for your claims from CLINICAL studies?0 -
The first links were made in 1947 and this gives a good overview of the effect of nicotine on oral health. Periodontal disease is gum disease and the references are at the bottom of the article. This is all standard dental undergraduate teaching http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933534/
This is a good overview of the effects of nicotine on gastro intestinal cancers including oral cancer.
http://www.amepc.org/tgc/article/view/77/73
To repeat e cigs are alot better than traditional cigarettes but they should be viewed as a great stepping stop to cutting out nicotine and eventually smoking altogether.0 -
Good for Alzheimer's though apparently! (bizarrely)
http://www.alzheimersresearchuk.org/news-detail/10390/Nicotine-patches-may-slow-progression-to-Alzheimers/0 -
But they don't burn..Like the real one. No doubt is less harmful!!:cool:0
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brook2jack I linked those articles to Dr Konstantinos Farsalinos who is a researcher at the Onassis Cardiac Surgery Centre - this is his reply - Great. Tell them to READ the study about nicotine and periodontal disease. If they reads it he will see that the whole discussion is about smoking. Concerning nicotine, only ONE HUMAN STUDY is mentioned and it is POSITIVE. The authors mention: "The vasoconstrictive properties of nicotine are hypothesized to impair gingival blood flow; however, studies that have examined the effects of smoking on gingival blood flow in humans have shown either no change or increased flow as measured by laser Doppler flowmetry." So, in reality the effects of nicotine are positive. Everything else mentioned are laboratory studies which have no meaning for in vivo effects. Does smoking cause oral disease? YES. Does nicotine cause oral disease? DEFINITELY NO.0
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With respect to Dr Farsalinos he is not an expert in oral medicine. If you read the articles and multiple studies and standard oral medicine textbooks nicotine is a causative agent in periodontal (gum disease) this has been accepted by oral physicians since the 1940s. Here is yet another review of the literature with the direct affect of nicotine on periodontal (gum disease). http://cro.sagepub.com/content/11/3/356.full.pdf
Did the good doctor also disagree with the literature reviews on oral cancer and nicotine?0 -
brook2jack wrote: »With respect to Dr Farsalinos he is not an expert in oral medicine. If you read the articles and multiple studies and standard oral medicine textbooks nicotine is a causative agent in periodontal (gum disease) this has been accepted by oral physicians since the 1940s. Here is yet another review of the literature with the direct affect of nicotine on periodontal (gum disease).
Did the good doctor also disagree with the literature reviews on oral cancer and nicotine?
Did you post the wrong link? The document that came up shows the affect of smoking on periodontal (gum disease) rather than nicotine.
Whilst tobacco cigarettes do contain nicotine, nicotine is just one chemical out of several thousand within tobacco smoke. You cannot attribute results and conclusions from testing done on tobacco cigarettes to just nicotine.
Do you have any research that was done just on nicotine?0 -
This is a better link about nicotine, not smoking -http://saveecigs.wordpress.com/2013/12/20/european-union-regulating-e-cigarettes-based-on-ideology-and-theories-but-not-science/0
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If you read the links carefully although the introduction is about smoking most of the links to research and discussion of effects on the periodontium (gums) is linked to nicotine which has very specific effects on the oral cavity and health. The first article has over 80 links to various clinical research. In oral medicine nicotine has long been known to affect oral health as if you look at the research cited the first papers were published in the forties.
if you read this paragraph over 14 papers are quoted in addition to the doppler one. Although smoking is mentioned if you read the paper carefully it is the specific effect of nicotine that the review is about which is posited as the major cause of problems in the mouth eg
"
The oral tissues of smokers are exposed to high nicotine concentrations that negatively affect local cell populations. Gingival crevicular fluid nicotine concentrations can be up to nearly 300 timesURL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933534/#CIT47"]47[/URL that of nicotine plasma concentrations in smokers (20 ng/ml).URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933534/#CIT57"]57[/URL The vasoconstrictive properties of nicotine are hypothesized to impair gingival blood flow; however, studies that have examined the effects of smoking on gingival blood flow in humans have shown either no change or increased flow as measured by laser Doppler flowmetry.URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933534/#CIT58"]58[/URL]–[URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933534/#CIT60"]60[/URL This may be due to smoking-induced elevation in blood pressure, which overcomes any vasoconstrictive effects of smoking.URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933534/#CIT60"]60[/URL Smoking has been shown to impair revascularization during softURL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933534/#CIT61"]61[/URL and hard tissue wound healing,URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933534/#CIT62"]62[/URL which is critical for periodontal plastic, regenerative, and implant procedures. Nicotine binds to root surface in smokers,URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933534/#CIT63"]63[/URL and In vitro studies show it can alter fibroblast attachmentURL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933534/#CIT64"]64[/URL],[URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933534/#CIT65"]65[/URL and integrin expression,URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933534/#CIT66"]66[/URL and decrease collagen production while increasing collagenase production.URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933534/#CIT67"]67[/URL Root surfaces of teeth extracted from smokers show reduced periodontal ligament (PDL) fibroblast attachment as compared to those from non-smokers.URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933534/#CIT68"]68[/URL Cultured gingival keratinocytesURL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933534/#CIT69"]69[/URL and fibroblastsURL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933534/#CIT70"]70[/URL exposed to nicotine produce higher amounts of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-6, respectively.
Furthermore, there is evidence of a synergistic effect on inflammatory mediator production when bacterial lipopolysaccharide is combined with nicotine.URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933534/#CIT70"]70[/URL],[URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933534/#CIT71"]71[/URL Animal studies have shown that local nicotine delivery negatively impacts bone healing,URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933534/#CIT72"]72[/URL which may be related to inhibited expression of various growth factorsURL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933534/#CIT73"]73[/URL and delayed revascularization.URL="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2933534/#CIT62"]62[/URL These findings might help explain the diminished treatment response to surgical periodontal procedures, especially those involving tissue regeneration."
The important thing is that e cigs with nicotine in them will expose users to the same or higher conecentrations of nictotine as in ordinary cigarettes , particularly as e cigs are completely unregulated so there is absolutely no guarantee they even contain what they say they do.
As Dr Farsalinos says they cannot be described as a healthy option , but they are better than cigarettes and a useful aid to stopping smoking completely.0 -
I really wasn't trying to be decisive.
My Mother-in-law was a heavy smoker. She quit, and shortly after became very ill with ulcerative colitis. She had to take large doses of steroids to get it under control but it was only after her return to smoking that it really subsided and then disappeared. For a few years there was a nasty cycle of ‘quit smoking get colitis - return to smoking colitis goes away.’ There have been clinical studies that show that, for patients with her condition, nicotine is often the best solution. Nicotine certainly turned out to be the key for her but unfortunately she doesn't get on with the patches (she has eczema), doesn't like the lozenges or gum so e-cigarettes seemed to be the ideal solution.
The clinical trials for the effect of nicotine of on colitis was done using dermal patches. So what I was interested to find out is if there are differences in the risk between the sources of nicotine.
Many of the links you gave were about smoking rather than just nicotine but towards the end I did find some interesting research which was done on the effects of nicotine rather than smoking tobacco which I shall pass on to my mother- in- law. I know that she has an excellent dentist so I'm sure she will discuss this with him.0
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