I recieved a claim form of £258.43 from Parallel parking and their solicitor Gladstones LTD.

Coupon-mad

That is likely to see you lose, sorry. There's nothing there that says their signs were minuscule and you saw nothing about agreeing to pay £100, so you deny any contract existed.

And you have nothing about the added £70 being a scam. None of the usual exhibits. You haven't even appended proof of the appeal you made at the time.

You seem to have forgotten to firstly read the NEWBIES thread advice about WS stage where I give a list of exhibits to include with a WS.  Do read that and add more to try to win your case.

DO YOUR WS BUNDLE TONIGHT.

I have not deliberately left the WS till the last minute, I have been in and out of the hospital in the last month due to health reasons.

Mention this to the judge at the hearing (hope you are on the mend now?).

Coupon-mad

Here you go, add some exhibits (pics of entrance signs can be gleaned from Google Streetview) and make it stronger - more about blaming their lack of signs and attaching the fake added £70 'fee' - like this one:

https://forums.moneysavingexpert.com/discussion/comment/81424550/#Comment_81424550

RubPro

Hi, I have been on my WS all night and have had to do some research to add to it. It would be of great help if someone could give me a minute or two to comment on what I have been able to put together. Note: I haven't added the exhibits, and I'm still gathering them. Thanks for the effort.







Contents WITNESS STATEMENT OF DEFENDANT. 2  

IN THE COUNTY COURT AT LEICESTER

Claim No: xxxxxx

Between:

Parallel Parking Ltd (Claimant)

– and –

xxxxxxxxxxxx (Defendant)

 

WITNESS STATEMENT OF DEFENDANT

1. I, xxxxx of xxxxx, am the Defendant against whom this claim is made. The facts below are true to my belief, and my account has been prepared based on my knowledge.

2. In my statement, I shall refer to (Exhibits __to__) within the evidence supplied with this statement, referring to page and reference numbers where appropriate. My defence is repeated, and I will say as follows:

PRELIMINARY MATTER: The claim should be struck out

3. I draw to the attention of the Judge that there are two very recent and persuasive Appeal judgments to support dismissing or striking out the claim. I believe that dismissing this meritless claim is the correct course, with the Overriding Objective in mind. Bulk litigators should know better than to make little or no attempt to comply with the Practice Direction. By continuing to plead cases with generic auto-fill unspecific wording, private parking firms should not be surprised when courts strike out their claims using powers pursuant to CPR 3.4., based in the following persuasive authorities (I append transcripts of both - plus multiple area court 'strike outs' of parking claims that reflect these authorities - in Exhibit 01

4. The first recent persuasive appeal judgment in Civil Enforcement Limited v Chan (Ref. E7GM9W44) would indicate the POC fails to comply with Civil Procedure Rule 16.4(1)(e) and Practice Direction Part 16.7.5. On the 15th of August 2023, in the cited case, HHJ Murch held that 'the particulars of the claim as filed and served did not set out the conduct which amounted to the breach in reliance upon which the claimant would be able to bring a claim for breach of contract'. (See Exhibit 01)

5. The second recent persuasive appeal judgment in Car Park Management Service Ltd v Akande (Ref. K0DP5J30) would also indicate that the POC fails to comply with Part 16. On 10 May 2024, in the cited case, HHJ Evans held that 'Particulars of Claim have to set out the basic facts upon which a party relies in order to prove his or her claim'. (See Exhibit 01)

6. I believe the Claim should be struck out and should not have been accepted by the CNBC due to a represented parking firm Claimant knowingly breaching basic CPRs. The specifics of this case lack clarity, as no explicit statement has been provided to indicate which specific term of the alleged contract was purportedly breached.

 

FACTS AND SEQUENCE OF EVENTS

7. Date and Time of the Incident: It is admitted that on the material dates, I was the registered keeper and driver of the vehicle xxxxx. On the date in question, May 26th, 2024, I parked my vehicle at the Mansfield Car Park in Leicester city centre, a site operated by Claimant. I recall I was in town to buy a white sleeve for my suit from M&S, about a 5-minute walk from the car park, as it was my graduation the next day, and I paid for one hour of parking using the designated system and returned to my vehicle within the time paid for.

8. Inadequate Signage: I have observed a lack of clear and visible signage regarding parking regulations. The few signs that are present are placed in obscure locations, making them difficult to notice, and when entering the car park. The signage on the right-hand side from entering the site featured very small text, making the terms and conditions impossible to read from a reasonable distance. The poor placement and legibility of these signs made it extremely difficult for anybody to be aware of or comply with the parking rules. (See Exhibit 02 & Exhibit 03).

9. Entrance sign: A sign near the entrance to car park 1 was observed, but instead of offering clear guidance, it added to the confusion. The wording on the sign was ambiguous and failed to provide a distinct indication of the specific location it referenced. This lack of clarity created uncertainty as to whether the sign applied to only the right-side car park or the entire car park. The vagueness of the sign could reasonably lead to confusion regarding the applicable parking restrictions. There is also no signage on the entrance to car park 2. (See Exhibit 04, Exhibit 05 & Exhibit 06).

 

EXAGGERATED CLAIMS AND 'MARKET FAILURE' ARE CURRENTLY EXAMINED BY THE GOVERNMENT.

10. The alleged 'core debt' from any parking charge cannot have exceeded £100 (the industry cap set out in the applicable Code of Practice at the time). I have seen no evidence that the added damages/fees are genuine.

11. I say that fees were not paid out or incurred by this Claimant, who is to put strict proof of:

(i) The alleged breach, and

(ii) A breakdown of how they arrived at the enhanced amount claimed, including how interest has been calculated, which appears to have been applied improperly on the entire inflated sum, as if that figure was immediately overdue on the day of an alleged parking event.

12. This Claimant routinely pursues a disproportionate additional fixed sum (inexplicably added per PCN) despite knowing that the will of Parliament is to ban or substantially reduce the disproportionate 'Debt Fees'. This case is a classic example where the unjust enrichment of exaggerated fees encourages the 'numbers game' of inappropriate and out-of-control bulk litigation of weak/archive parking cases. No pre-action checks and balances are likely to have been made to ensure facts, merit, the position of signs/the vehicle, or a proper cause of action.

13. The Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities (the DLUHC) first published its statutory Parking Code of Practice on 7th February 2022, here: https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/private-parking-code-of-practice "Private firms issue roughly 22,000 parking tickets every day, often adopting a labyrinthine system of misleading and confusing signage, opaque appeals services, aggressive debt collection and unreasonable fees designed to extort money from motorists."

14. Despite legal challenges delaying the Code's implementation (marking it as temporarily 'withdrawn' as shown in the link above) a draft Impact Assessment (IA) to finalise the DLUHC Code was recently published on 30th July 2023, which has exposed some industry-gleaned facts about supposed 'Debt Fees'. This is revealed in the Government's analysis, found here: https://assets.publishing.service.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/fi le/1171438/Draft_IA_-_Private_Parking_Code_of_Practice_.pdf

15. As of April 2025, that figure has now risen over 12%. Private parking companies in the UK are issuing an average of over 41,000 parking charge notices (PCNs) per day, according to government data analysed by the RAC Foundation, as seen in a publication on the Guardian newspaper https://www.theguardian.com/money/2025/apr/22/parking-firms-issuing-thousands-of-fines-in-england-due-to-faulty-ticket-machines?utm_source=chatgpt.com

This marks a significant increase from the approximately 22,000 daily tickets reported in early 2022. The surge has raised concerns about the practices of private parking firms, including the use of confusing signage, aggressive enforcement, and the imposition of high fees. Despite the Department for Levelling Up, Housing and Communities (DLUHC) publishing a statutory Parking Code of Practice in February 2022, its implementation has been delayed due to legal challenges from the parking industry.​

16. In the first half of the 2024/25 financial year alone, there were 7.2 million such requests made by private parking firms to the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) for vehicle keeper details, indicating a substantial rise in enforcement activities by these companies.

17. Paragraphs 4.31 and 5.19 reveal that the parking industry has informed the DLUHC that the true minor cost of what the parking industry likes to call debt recovery or 'enforcement' (pre-action) stage totals a mere £8.42 per recovery case.

18. With that sum in mind, the extant claim has been enhanced by an excessive amount, disingenuously added as an extra 'fee'. This is believed to be routinely retained by the litigating legal team and has been claimed in addition to the intended 'legal representatives' fees' cap set within the small claims track rules. This conduct has been examined and found, including in a notably detailed judgment by Her Honour Judge Jackson, now a specialist Civil High Court Judge on the Leeds/Bradford circuit, to constitute 'double recovery' and I take that position.

19. The new draft IA now demonstrates that the unnecessarily intimidating stage of pre-action letter-chains costs 'eight times less' (says the DLUHC analysis) than the price-fixed £70 per PCN routinely added. This has caused consumer harm in the form of hundreds of thousands of inflated CCJs each year that District Judges have been powerless to prevent. This abusively enhanced 'industry standard' Debt Fee was enabled only by virtue of the self-serving Codes of Practice of the rival parking Trade Bodies, influenced by a Board of parking operators and debt firms who stood to gain from it.

 

RubPro

20. In support of my contention that the sum sought is unconscionably exaggerated and thus unrecoverable, attention is drawn to paras 98, 100, 193, 198 of ParkingEye Ltd v Beavis [2015] UKSC67 ('the Beavis case'). Also, ParkingEye Ltd v Somerfield Stores Ltd ChD [2011] EWHC 4023(QB), where the parking charge was £75, discounted to £37.50 for prompt payment. Whilst £75 was reasonable, HHJ Hegarty (decision later ratified by the CoA) held in paras 419-428 that unspecified 'admin costs' inflating a parking charge to £135 was not a true reflection of the cost of a template letter and 'would appear to be penal.

21. This Claimant has not incurred any additional costs because the full parking charge (after expiry of discount) is already high and more than covers what the Supreme Court called an 'automated letter-chain' business model that generates a healthy profit. In Beavis, there were 4 or 5 letters in total, including pre-action phase reminders. The £85 parking charge was held to cover the 'costs of the operation' and the DLUHC's IA suggests it should still be the case that the parking charge itself more than covers the minor costs of the pre-action stage, even if and when the Government reduces the level of parking charges.

22. Whilst the new Code is not retrospective, the majority of the clauses went unchallenged by the parking industry, and it stands to become a creature of statute due to the failure of the self-serving BPA & IPC Codes. The DLUHC's Secretary of State mentions they are addressing 'market failure' more than once in the draft IA, a phrase which should be a clear steer for Courts in 2023 to scrutinise every aspect of claims like this one.

23. In addition, pursuant to Schedule 4 paragraph 4(5) of the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 ('the POFA'), the sum claimed exceeds the maximum potentially recoverable. It is also disproportionate and in breach of the Consumer Rights Act 2015 (CRA). CRA Breaches

24. Claiming costs on an indemnity basis is unfair, per the Unfair Contract Terms Guidance (CMA37, para 5.14.3), the Government guidance on the CRA, which introduced new requirements for 'prominence' of both contract terms and 'consumer notices'. In a parking context, this includes a test of fairness and clarity of signage, and all notices, letters, and other communications intended to be read by the consumer.

25. Section 71 creates a duty upon courts to consider the test of fairness, including (but not limited to) whether all terms/notices were unambiguously and conspicuously brought to the attention of a consumer. Signage must be prominent, plentiful, well-placed (and lit in hours of darkness/dusk), and all terms must be unambiguous and contractual obligations clear.

26. The CRA has been breached due to unfair/unclear terms and notices, pursuant to s62 and paying due regard to examples 6, 10, 14 & 18 of Schedule 2 and the requirements for fair/open dealing and good faith (NB: this does not necessarily mean there has to be a finding of bad faith).

27. Now, for the first time, the DLUHC's draft IA exposes that template's debt chaser' stage costs less than £9. This shows that HHJ Jackson was right all along in Excel v Wilkinson. (See Exhibit 10) The Beavis case is against this claim

28. The Supreme Court clarified that ‘the penalty rule is plainly engaged’ in parking cases, which must be determined on their own facts. That 'unique' case met a commercial justification test, given the location and clear signs with the charges in the largest/boldest text. Rather than causing other parking charges to be automatically justified, that case, particularly the brief, conspicuous yellow & black warning signs (See Exhibit 11), set a high bar that this Claimant has failed to reach.

29. Paraphrasing from the Supreme Court, deterrence is likely to be penal if there is a lack of a 'legitimate interest' in performance extending beyond the prospect of compensation flowing directly from the alleged breach. The intention cannot be to punish a driver, nor to present them with hidden terms, unexpected/cumbersome obligations, nor 'concealed pitfalls or traps'. (See Exhibit 12) for paragraphs from ParkingEye v Beavis).

30. In the present case, the Claimant has fallen foul of those tests. There is one main issue that renders this parking charge to be purely penal (i.e., no legitimate interest saves it) and thus, it is unenforceable:

(i) Hidden Terms: The £100 penalty clause is positively buried in small print, as seen on the signs in evidence. The purported added (false) 'costs' are even more hidden and are also unspecified as a sum. Their (unlawful, due to the CRA Schedule 2 grey list of unfair terms) suggestion is that they can hide a vague sentence within a wordy sign, in the smallest possible print, then add whatever their trade body lets them, until the DLUHC bans it in 2024. And the driver has no idea about any risk, nor even how much they might layer on top. Court of Appeal authorities which are on all fours with a case involving a lack of ‘adequate notice’ of a charge, include:

(i) Spurling v Bradshaw [1956] 1 WLR 461 (‘red hand rule’) and

(ii) Thornton v Shoe Lane Parking Ltd [1970] EWCA Civ2, both leading authorities confirming that a clause cannot be incorporated after a contract has been concluded; and

(iii) Vine v London Borough of Waltham Forest: CA 5 Apr 2000, where Ms Vine won because

it was held that she had not seen the terms by which she would later be bound, due to "the absence of any notice on the wall opposite the parking space". Conclusion

31. In conclusion, the claimant has failed to provide clear evidence that a contract was formed, nor has it shown that the parking charge notices were validly issued. The lack of adequate signage and the unlawful nature of the additional charges further invalidate the claimant’s claim. The claimant’s attempt to impose liability for these inflated charges is unsupported by both statutory law and leading case precedents. I ask the court to dismiss the claim and award appropriate costs for the time and effort expended in defending against these unjust claims.

32. I ask the judge to read the persuasive Judgment from His Honour Judge Murch (August 2023) in the Civil Enforcement v Chan case, and deliver the same outcome given that this Claimant has submitted a similarly vague POC. It is worth noting that in the Civil Enforcement v Chan case, the POC, while still ambiguous, did contain a subtle indication of the alleged contravention, specifically regarding the duration of the parking on the premises. In contrast, the POC in this case lacks even a minimal effort to hint at the nature of the alleged violation. In the Civil Enforcement v Chan case, full costs were awarded to the motorist, and the claim was struck out.

33. There is now ample evidence to support the view, long held by many District Judges, that these are knowingly exaggerated claims. The July 2023 DLUHC IA analysis surely makes that clear because it is now a matter of record that the industry has told the Government that 'debt recovery' costs eight times less than they have been claiming in almost every case.

34. With the DLUHC's impending ban on the false 'costs', there is ample evidence to support the view, long held by many District Judges, that these are knowingly exaggerated claims. For HMCTS to only disallow those costs in the tiny percentage of cases that reach hearings whilst other claims continue to flood the courts unabated, is to fail hundreds of thousands of consumers who suffer CCJs or pay inflated amounts, in fear of the intimidating pre-action demands. I believe that it is in the public interest that claims like this should be struck out because knowingly enhanced parking claims like this one cause consumer harm on a grand scale.

35. Attention is drawn specifically to the (often seen from this industry) possibility of an unreasonably late Notice of Discontinuance. Whilst CPR r.38.6 states that the Claimant is liable for the defendant's costs after discontinuance (r.38.6(1)), this does not normally apply to claims allocated to the small claims track (r.38.6(3)). However, the White Book states (annotation 38.6.1): "Note that the normal rule as to costs does not apply if a claimant in a case allocated to the small claims track serves a notice of discontinuance although it might be contended that costs should be awarded if a party has behaved unreasonably (r.27.14(2) (dg))."

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

COSTS ASSESSMENT

Given the significant time and effort required to defend this unjust claim, I respectfully request that the court consider awarding costs under CPR 27.14(2)(g). I have spent considerable time researching, preparing this statement, and attending the hearing. My estimated costs for this are as follows:

• Research and preparation of witness statement (10 Hours): £122.1

• Travel expenses (Taxi to and from): £50

• Childcare (5 Hours): £125

Totalling: £297.1

I request that the court consider these costs in its judgment, given the claimant's unreasonable behaviour in pursuing this claim without merit.

 

STATEMENT OF TRUTH:

I believe that the facts stated in this witness statement are true. I understand that proceedings for contempt of court may be brought against anyone who makes, or causes to be made, a false statement in a document verified by a statement of truth without an honest belief in its truth.

 

Signed: ________________

Name: xxxxxxxx

Dated: [insert date of signing]

Coupon-mad

Yep that'll do. No more drafts. No more looking for the perfect exhibit!

Get it in TODAY. NOW.

Email to the local court's hearings email,  not the CNBC. cc in Gladstones.

RubPro

Thank you for your time, it is well appreciated.

Coupon-mad

RubPro said:

Thank you for your time, it is well appreciated.

No worries. Hope you didn't mind me nagging you a little to get it emailed, to be sure at the hearing that you won't be accused by the Claimant of unreasonableness.

You have a good reason to be 'a bit late' with the WS bundle but never completely miss it! Hope you are in the mend.

Make sure you get to court early if it's an in-person hearing and either have everything in a paper/ring binder file in page-numbered order to make it easy, or bring a tablet or laptop and charge it in the waiting area.

Do NOT agree to go into a side room with the other side's rep before the hearing. Just say a polite "no, I will say what I need to say before the Judge thankyou."

RubPro

Honestly, it got me to do the job. I didn't mind, but I clearly understood I was lagging, even though circumstances were beyond me. You lot have been nothing but helpful, and I don't think I would even known what to do if I didn't bring my problem here. I will heed to your advice. Thanks to everyone who contributed to this, and hopefully, we get to celebrate this victory here.